A scratchy or burning feeling in the back of your throat. It may hurt to swallow or talk.
A sore throat is a common condition marked by discomfort, scratchiness, or a burning sensation in the back of the throat. It may become painful when talking, swallowing, or eating. Sore throats can occur on their own or as part of another illness.
Causes
A sore throat can result from many different factors. The most frequent causes include:
- Viral infections: Such as the common cold, flu, COVID-19, and other respiratory viruses.
- Bacterial infections: Most commonly Streptococcus pyogenes (strep throat), but also other bacterial illnesses.
- Allergies: Pollen, dust, mold, and pet dander can irritate the throat.
- Dry Air: Low humidity can dry out throat tissues, causing irritation.
- Irritants: Cigarette smoke, pollution, chemicals, and fumes.
- Overuse of Voice: Yelling, singing, or prolonged speaking can strain the throat.
- Gastroesophageal Reflux (GERD): Stomach acid backing up into the throat can cause chronic soreness.
Symptoms
A sore throat can present with a range of symptoms, depending on the underlying cause. Common signs include:
- Pain or scratchiness in the throat
- Painful swallowing
- Difficulty swallowing
- Hoarse, muffled, or raspy voice
- Red or swollen tonsils
- White patches or spots on the tonsils
- Tender or swollen neck glands
When the sore throat is linked to an infection, additional symptoms may appear:
- Cough
- Fever or chills
- Fatigue or general tiredness
- Runny or blocked nose
- Sneezing
- Headache
- Body aches
- Nausea or vomiting(more common in children)
Notes
Most sore throats improve within a few days, especially if caused by a viral infection. Rest, hydration, soothing drinks, throat lozenges, and over-the-counter pain relievers can help ease discomfort. However, if symptoms are severe, persist for more than a week, include difficulty breathing, or are accompanied by a high fever, medical evaluation is recommended.
