Inflammation of the tonsils in the upper part of the throat. It can be acute or chronic.
Tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsils—two oval-shaped tissues located at the back of the throat. The condition can occur suddenly (acute) or persist over a long period(chronic). It is especially common in children but can affect people of all ages.
Causes
Tonsillitis can be caused by a variety of infections:
Viral Infections
- The most common cause.
- Viruses responsible for colds, flu, and other respiratory illnesses often trigger inflammation of the tonsils.
Bacterial Infections
- Streptococcus pyogenes (group A strep) is the most frequent bacterial cause and is the same bacteria responsible for strep throat.
- Other types of strep bacteria and various bacterial strains can also lead to tonsillitis.
Certain factors—such as close contact in schools, shared utensils, or exposure to respiratory droplets—may increase the risk of infection.
Symptoms
The severity of symptoms can vary, but typical signs of tonsillitis include:
- Red, swollen tonsils
- White or yellow patches or coating on the tonsils
- Sore throat
- Painful or difficult swallowing
- Fever
- Swollen and tender neck lymph nodes
- Muffled, scratchy, or “throaty” voice
- Bad breath
- Headache
- Neck pain or stiffness
- Stomachache (more common in children)
Signs in young children who cannot express symptoms clearly:
- Drooling due to difficulty swallowing
- Refusal to eat or drink
- Irritability or fussiness
Notes
Most cases of tonsillitis improve within a few days, particularly when caused by viruses. Rest, hydration, throat lozenges, and pain relief can help manage symptoms. When a bacterial infection is suspected, a doctor may perform a throat swab and prescribe antibiotics if needed. Seek medical care if symptoms are severe, persist longer than a few days, or if swallowing or breathing becomes difficult.
