Also known as a hordeolum, is a bacterial infection of an oil gland in the eyelid.
A stye is a common, painful eyelid infection that develops when a bacteria—usually Staphylococcus aureus—infects one of the small oil-producing glands at the base of the eyelashes or within the eyelid. These glands normally help lubricate the eye, but when blocked or infected, they can swell and form a tender lump.
Causes
Styes are most often caused by:
- Bacterial infection: Usually due to Staphylococcus bacteria entering an oil gland or eyelash follicle.
- Blocked oil glands: Oil glands can become clogged with debris, makeup, or dead skin, increasing the risk of infection.
- Poor eyelid hygiene: Sleeping with makeup on or frequently touching the eyes can introduce bacteria.
- Blepharitis: Chronic inflammation of the eyelid margins can make styes more common.
- Rubbing the eyes: Transfers bacteria from the hands to the eyelid area.
Symptoms
A stye typically appears suddenly and may include:
- Red, painful bump on the eyelid edge near the eyelashes
- Swelling of part of the eyelid or, at times, the entire lid
- Tenderness or soreness in the affected area
- Watery eyes or tearing
- Light sensitivity
- Crusting along the eyelid
- Eye discharge
- Foreign body sensation: Feeling like something is stuck in the eye
- Itching or irritation
Most styes form on the outer eyelid, but they can also develop internally.
Notes
Styes usually resolve on their own within several days. Warm compresses applied multiple times per day can help the gland drain and reduce discomfort. Avoid squeezing or popping a stye, as this can worsen the infection. If swelling spreads, pain intensifies, or the stye does not improve, medical evaluation may be needed.
