Also known as piles, are swollen and inflamed blood vessels in the rectum and anus.
Hemorrhoids, often referred to as piles, are swollen and irritated veins located in the lower rectum or around the anus. They are extremely common and can cause discomfort, itching, and bleeding, depending on their type and severity. Although hemorrhoids can be bothersome, they are usually not dangerous and are often manageable with lifestyle changes and treatment.
What Are Hemorrhoids?
Hemorrhoids arise when the blood vessels in the rectal or anal area stretch and become enlarged. They are classified into two main types:
- Internal Hemorrhoids These occur inside the rectum. Because the lining inside the rectum lacks pain receptors, internal hemorrhoids are typically painless. They may, however, bleed or protrude (prolapse) in more advanced stages.
- External Hemorrhoids Found under the skin around the anus, these tend to be more painful due to the sensitive nerves in that area. They may cause significant discomfort, itching, or swelling.
Causes and Contributing Factors
Hemorrhoids often develop due to increased pressure within the rectal veins. Several factors can make this more likely:
Straining During Bowel Movements
Most commonly caused by constipation or passing hard stools.
Chronic Diarrhea
Frequent bowel movements can irritate and inflame the rectal tissues.
Pregnancy
Increased pressure in the pelvic region and hormonal changes can lead to swollen veins.
Excess Weight
Carrying extra body weight increases pressure on the rectal veins.
Aging
Over time, the tissues supporting rectal veins can weaken, making hemorrhoids more likely.
Family History
Genetics may predispose some individuals to developing hemorrhoids.
Prolonged Sitting or Standing
Occupations or habits involving long periods of sitting or standing can contribute to hemorrhoid formation.
Heavy Lifting
Repeated lifting of heavy objects increases abdominal and rectal pressure.
Symptoms of Hemorrhoids
Symptoms vary based on whether the hemorrhoids are internal or external, but may include:
- Pain or discomfort, especially with external hemorrhoids
- Itching or irritation around the anus
- Bright red bleeding, typically seen on toilet paper or in the toilet after a bowel movement
- Swelling or lumps near the anal opening
- Prolapse, where internal hemorrhoids protrude outside the anus
- Mucus discharge in some cases
When to Seek Help
Hemorrhoids are often manageable through dietary changes, increased fiber intake, hydration, and avoiding straining. Over-the-counter creams or suppositories may help reduce symptoms. However, if bleeding is persistent, pain is severe, or symptoms worsen, it is important to consult a healthcare provider.
