Also known as alopecia, is a common condition characterized by the loss of hair from the scalp or other parts of the body.
Hair loss, medically known as alopecia, is a widespread condition that can affect the scalp or any hair-bearing part of the body. It may develop gradually or occur suddenly, and the extent of loss can range from mild thinning to complete baldness, depending on the cause. Some types of hair loss are temporary and reversible, while others may lead to permanent changes.
Common Causes of Hair Loss
Hair loss can stem from various biological, environmental, and lifestyle factors. The major causes include:
Androgenetic Alopecia (Pattern Hair Loss)
- The most common form of hair loss in both men and women
- Strongly influenced by genetics and hormones
- Linked to sensitivity to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which causes gradual shrinking of hair follicles
- Leads to receding hairlines, thinning at the crown, or diffuse thinning in women
Telogen Effluvium
- A temporary shedding phase triggered by significant stressors such as:
- Illness
- Surgery
- Childbirth
- Sudden weight loss
- Emotional stress
- Hair follicles enter the resting phase prematurely, causing noticeable shedding a few months after the event
Alopecia Areata
- An autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks hair follicles
- Presents as smooth, round bald patches
- Can occasionally affect eyebrows, eyelashes, or nails
Scarring Alopecia
- Permanent hair loss caused by destructive inflammation or injury
- May result from burns, infections, lupus, or lichen planus
- Follicles are replaced with scar tissue, preventing regrowth
Traction Alopecia
- Caused by repetitive pulling or tension on the hair
- Associated with tight braids, ponytails, extensions, or harsh styling practices
- Usually reversible if caught early
Medical Conditions
- Hormonal or metabolic disorders such as:
- Thyroid disease
- Iron-deficiency anemia
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Medications
- Some drugs can cause hair loss as a side effect, including chemotherapy agents, blood pressure medications, and antidepressants.
Symptoms of Hair Loss
Symptoms vary based on the underlying cause but may include:
- Gradual thinning at the crown, temples, or along the part
- Sudden shedding, often noticed during brushing, showering, or on pillows
- Patchy bald spots on the scalp or body
- Changes in hair texture, such as increased fragility
- Scalp itching, redness, or discomfort
- Nail changes (pitting or ridges), especially in autoimmune types
When to Seek Help
If hair loss is sudden, worsening, or causing distress, a healthcare provider or dermatologist can help determine the cause and explore treatment options. Early evaluation increases the chances of stabilizing hair loss and, in some cases, promoting regrowth.