A type of inflammatory arthritis that causes pain and swelling in your joints, usually as flares that last for a week or two, and then resolve.
A gout flare-up is a sudden episode of painful, inflammatory arthritis caused by the buildup of urate crystals in a joint. These flares often appear abruptly—frequently during the night—and may last from several days to two weeks before settling. Although the condition can recur, effective management can help reduce both the severity and frequency of future attacks.
What Causes Gout?
Gout develops when uric acid levels in the blood become too high, a condition known as hyperuricemia. Uric acid is produced naturally as the body breaks down purines, substances found in cells and many foods. When uric acid accumulates, it can form sharp, needle-like crystals inside the joints, triggering intense pain and inflammation.
Sources of High Uric Acid
Several factors can contribute to elevated uric acid and increase the likelihood of a gout flare:
Purine-Rich Foods
Certain foods contain high levels of purines, including:
- Red meats
- Organ meats (e.g., liver)
- Purine-rich seafood such as anchovies, sardines, mussels, scallops, trout, and tuna
Alcohol and Sugary Drinks
- Beer and other alcoholic beverages
- Drinks sweetened with fructose
Both can raise uric acid production or reduce the body’s ability to clear it.
Body Processes
Sometimes the body naturally produces too much uric acid, or the kidneys fail to eliminate enough of it. Genetics, kidney disease, dehydration, or certain medications can contribute to this imbalance.
Symptoms of a Gout Flare
Gout symptoms tend to appear suddenly, often waking a person from sleep due to severe pain. Common signs include:
- Intense joint pain The big toe is most frequently affected, but gout can also impact the ankles, knees, wrists, elbows, and fingers. Pain usually peaks during the first 4–12 hours.
- Lingering discomfort After the sharp pain improves, the affected joint may remain tender or achy for days or weeks. Subsequent flare-ups often last longer.
- Swelling and redness The joint becomes warm, swollen, and visibly red or purple.
- Reduced mobility As inflammation increases, moving the affected joint can become difficult or even impossible.
Managing Gout Flares
Treatment aims to reduce pain, shorten flare duration, and prevent future attacks. Management may include:
- Anti-inflammatory medications
- Resting and elevating the affected joint
- Ice packs to reduce swelling
- Long-term medications to lower uric acid levels
A healthcare provider can help identify lifestyle changes—such as dietary adjustments, hydration, and weight management—that reduce the risk of recurrent gout episodes.
