Also known as croupy cough, is a type of respiratory infection that is usually caused by a virus.
Croup, sometimes called a “croupy cough,” is a respiratory illness most commonly seen in young children. It is usually triggered by a viral infection that causes swelling in the upper airway—particularly around the vocal cords and windpipe. This inflammation leads to the distinctive barking cough associated with the condition.
How Croup Spreads
Croup is typically the result of a virus, such as parainfluenza. Viruses spread easily through:
- Respiratory droplets released when an infected person coughs or sneezes
- Touching contaminated surfaces, such as toys, doorknobs, or shared objects
- Hand-to-face contact, such as rubbing the eyes, nose, or mouth after touching a contaminated item
Because viruses can survive for short periods on surfaces, children—especially toddlers and preschoolers—are at increased risk due to frequent hand-to-mouth contact.
How Croup Begins
Croup often starts out like a regular cold. Early symptoms may include:
- Runny or stuffy nose
- Mild fever
- Sore throat
- Hoarse voice
As the infection progresses and swelling develops around the larynx and trachea, more distinctive symptoms begin to appear.
Common Symptoms of Croup
Croup can cause several hallmark signs, which may worsen when the child is upset or crying. These include:
- Barking cough A harsh, seal-like cough that becomes more noticeable at night and may intensify with crying or anxiety.
- Fever Many children develop a mild to moderate fever.
- Hoarseness Swelling of the vocal cords causes the voice to sound raspy or strained.
- Noisy or Difficult Breathing A high-pitched sound called stridor may occur during inhalation. Breathing may appear labored or fast if swelling is significant.
Symptoms of croup often peak during the first two nights of the illness and generally improve within 3 to 5 days.
When to Seek Medical Attention
Most cases of croup are mild and manageable at home with rest, humidified air, and fluids. However, immediate medical care is needed if the child experiences:
- Struggling to breathe
- Bluish lips or skin
- Drooling or difficulty swallowing
- Extreme fatigue or worsening distress
- Stridor that occurs even at rest
Prevention
Good hygiene practices—such as regular handwashing, cleaning shared toys, and avoiding close contact with sick individuals—can help reduce the risk of viral infections that lead to croup.
